The Position of Cyber Crime in India - Free Essay Example

Position of Cyber Crime in India Table of Contents Introduction Impacts of Cyber Crime Perception of the Impact of Cyber Crime Negative Developments with respect to Cyber Crime Positive Developments with respect to Cyber Crime Cyber Crimes and the Issue of Evidence Cyber Crime and Jurisdiction Abstract Cyber crime is developing at a dumbfounding pace, emulating the same dynamic as the inexorable infiltration of computer technology and correspondence into all kinds of different backgrounds. Whilst social order is designing and advancing, in the meantime, lawbreakers are conveying a surprising versatility so as to determine the best profit from it. To abstain from giving digital offenders the activity, it is imperative for those included in the battle against digital crime to attempt to expect qualitative and quantitative changes in its underlying components so they can confirm their routines fittingly. In Indian society where people are still vulnerable in the issues of cyber crime; the y outh of the nation has made internet a part of their daily life make them prone to these crimes. Therefore, ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s the demand of the hour to enact a legislation which can tackle with the issues of cyber crime and safeguard the people from lumpen offenders on the internet. In this article we will approach towards the developments in a positive and negative manner related to cyber crime. The later part of the article deals with the issue of evidence and problems related to jurisdiction in the virtual world. Introduction Cybercrime consolidates the expression crime with the base cyber from the saying cybernetic, from the Greek, kubernÃÆ' ¢n, which signifies to lead or represent. The cyber environment incorporates all types of computerized exercises, paying little mind to whether they are led through systems and without fringes. This develops the past term computer crime to envelop unlawful acts carried out utilizing the Internet, all advanced crimes, and law violations including telecommunications systems. This later phrasing blankets a wide mixture of features, prompting diverse methodologies, contingent upon the prevailing society of the specialists, making it show up either lessened or extended, in distinctive measurements, managing developing issues that likewise reflect its differing qualities. Crime is an economic and social phenomenon and is as old as the human culture. Crime is a legitimate idea and has the imprimatur of the law.[1] Crime or an offense is a lawful wrong that could be trailed by criminal processes which may come about into penalty. The trademark of crime is that, it is break of the criminal law.[2] According to Lord Atkin the criminal nature of a demonstration cant be uncovered by reference to any standard however one: is the demonstration restricted with correctional results A crime may be said to be any behaviour joined by act or exclusion disallowed by law and significant break of which is gone to by correctional outcomes. The growing range of technology of computers and the web has made it simpler for individuals to stay in contact crosswise over long separations and team up for purposes identified with business, training and society around others. Be that as it may, implies that empower the free stream of data crosswise over outskirts additionally offer ascent to a worryingly high occurrence of irresponsible conduct. Any innovation is fit for helpful uses and also abuse. It is the occupation of the legal framework and administrative offic es to keep pace with the same and guarantee that fresher advances dont get to be apparatuses of abuse and provocation.[3] However, significant legitimate inquiries have emerged in numerous settings. The World Wide Web permits clients to circle content as content, pictures, features and sounds. Sites are made and redesigned for some convenient purposes, yet they can likewise be utilized to circle hostile substance, for example, smut, and abhor discourse and defamatory materials[4]. By and large, the licensed innovation privileges of creators and craftsmen are damaged through the unapproved dissemination of their drudgery. There has additionally been an upsurge in examples of money related duplicity and deceiving in connection to business transactions directed on the web. The advanced medium gives the helpful shield of secrecy and fake characters. Errant persons get to be more encouraged in their hostile conduct in the event that they surmise that they wont confront any outcomes . In the recent decade, there have been various reports of web clients getting spontaneous messages which regularly holds revolting dialect and add up to provocation.[5] The individuals who post individual data about themselves on occupation and marriage to sites or person to person communication sites are frequently at the accepting end of cyber stalking. Women and minors who post their contact points of interest get to be particularly defenceless since lumpen components, for example, sex-offenders can utilize this data to target potential victimized people.[6] Impacts of Cyber Crime This segment exhibits the effects concerning the effect of technological change and achievements of dominanceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" or rather, of the expansion à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" of cyber crime in the coming decade of 2010-2020. Perception of the Impact of Cyber Crime The effect of cybercrime is difficult to distinguish. Yet, there is an expansion in the improvement of data innovation and the abuse of vulnerabilities around cybercriminals, a crevice between legitimate and corrupt nations, and a mystery identified with innovative advancements and leaps forward. It is constantly advantageous to recollect that engineering itself is nonpartisan.[7] On the other hand, its utilization might be depicted as negative or positive. This is particularly correct in cryptography, utilized for securing transactions and information trade and also to secure correspondences coating illicit exercises and the foundation of confirmation. History indicates that new advances, once in a while controlled and not completely finish, are both utilized for great and awful. The following ten years will be checked by portability, with the need for accessibility, constant correspondence, connectivity, and a reliance on advanced cyber identity apparatus and danger. This deca de will likewise incorporate overseeing automata frameworks and progressively new dangers. Negative Developments with respect to Cyber Crime Following advancements in the coming future, which may have a negative effect on cybercrime, render little qualification between work life and private life, utilizing for instance the trouble of finding data for an organization and Web provisions with distributed computing, focused on stealth malware, and all the more for the most part, the huge utilization of new advances, including versatile and remote innovations, and a thoughtless introduction to social designing, interpersonal organizations, and portable downloads did less safely than previously. We must stress the unpredictable nature of discovering information as proof and the trouble of reporting offenses to the sources, with no lawful methods, on the grounds that cybercriminals are adjusting nearby new innovations.[8] Positive Developments with respect to Cyber Crime Efforts to establish safety dependent upon these same advances could have a positive effect. Security is fundamental to the issue and must be dependent upon arrangements and be strictly upheld. It will be a significant test with cloud computing, because of the unpredictability of where information is put away and the various locales included, real dangers connected with administration and territoriality. The powerful level of value security will be a key component in the acknowledgement of these new administrations. Cyber Crimes and the Issue of Evidence The way of evidence in this present reality and the virtual world is divergent. This divergence is arresting in all the phases of evidence recognition, assembling, stockpiling and presenting it before eyes of the court. The discriminating part is that all the examination authorities that are capable right from the phase of accumulation of the proof to the presentation of the evidence in the eyes of the court must comprehend the recognizing qualities of the evidence so they can save the proof gathered by them. In this respect the Indian Judiciary also has a very vital role to play because they need to be in a position or in a mind frame to comprehend and appreciate the evidences introduced before them in form of cyber technology. In spite of this present reality unlawful acts where any substantial evidence as fingerprints, weapon of crime, blood stain marks and so forth could be followed, in the virtual world such follow get to be exceptionally troublesome to discover. The explorati on of cybrer crime scene investigation is picking up essentialness in the examination divisions, corporate world, and government offices and so on. It is viewed more troublesome to erase the data from the PC framework than what is by and large considered. This could be finished with the assistance of computer crime scene investigation that can assemble proof or significantly recoup data which may have been erased deliberately. It is indispensable that the victimized person report the law authorization organizations about the wrongdoing as promptly as could be allowed. The procedure of conservation of digital crime proof exists in the understanding of effective and proficient cyber crime scene investigation specialists as any kind of futile or carelessness in the procedure of evidence accumulation can result to the minuscule value of the evidence. The frequently confronted obstruction is that the victimà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"companies are more concerned with rebuilding of their framewo rks to full operational status instead of permitting fitting proof accumulation.[9] Along these lines the opportune aid of the cyber crime scene investigation specialists can help gather confirmation from the framework inside briefest time conceivable. Digital evidences are of physical or consistent nature. It is the physical proof that might be followed effectively as the agent simply need to visit the scene of wrongdoing and quest for and take into his care PC hardware, which may constitute mainframe of computers to pocket measured personal collaborators, floppy diskettes, electronic chips and so on. The aspects of the logical segment of the cyber evidence are of diverse nature.[10] This involves a methodology depicted as Information Discovery wherein the agent investigates through the log records, and tries to rescue the information from a computer framework which has been influenced. When the useful evidence is recognized, then the examiner must guarantee that the same is gat hered by holding fast to the lawful prerequisites, for example, proof is gathered just after the essential warrant for it is issued or if the data seems, by all accounts, to be outside the extent of the warrant then extra warrant be issued. The evidence accumulated is considered valid in the courts of law only when the proof is gathered by lawful means. At the minute just officers not beneath the rank of a Deputy Superintendent of Police and officers deputed by the central government could be sanctioned to enter open places and gathers proof and do seek operations and arrest. This power has been provided for higher evaluation officers at the minute keeping in view the abuse of this force viz. right to security and guaranteeing the legitimacy of the digital evidence As of now in India the idea of reasonable right of Privacy has not be created.[11] The issues included in this are that whether a individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s air reflects subjective desire of security or the individu alà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s subjective right of protection is such that the social order is prepared to remember it as reasonable. Cyber crime and Jurisdiction Territorial restriction on the web is the fate of fringe nature in the virtual medium as the site pages on the net can arrive at just about every region in the country and possibly practically every country on the globe. This is the place the purpose of contact between the digital world and the territorial world starts as in the territorial world there are impediments situated up by the sovereignty of the country which is not the situation in the cyber world. A legal framework can work adequately in the event that it is overall controlled; it is these regulations that distinguish each useful part of the legal framework including the jurisdiction of the courts.[12] A court with a specific end goal to convey successful judgments must have legitimate and generally characterized jurisdiction, as without a ward the courts judgments might be incapable Jurisdictions are of two sorts specifically, Personal and Subject Matter jurisdiction, and for a judgment to be powerful both these sor ts must exist contemporaneously. Further the tried and true prerequisite as to a party can sue an alternate is at the spot where the defendant dwells or where the cause of action emerges. This is the issue with Internet jurisdiction as on the net it is troublesome to create the over two criterias with sureness. Issues of this nature have helped the complete perplexity and disagreement that torment legal decisions in the region of Internet jurisdiction. The IT Act 2000 passed in India is a flawless case of the questionable law in the range of jurisdiction in the setting of the Internet. Section 1(2) gives that the act should stretch out to the entire of India and, save as otherwise provided in this Act; it applies likewise to any offense or contradiction there under dedicated outside India by any individual. So also Section 75(2) gave that this Act might apply to an offense or contradiction submitted outside India by any individual if the demonstration or behaviour constituting th e offense or negation includes a computer, computer framework or PC system spotted in India. Such procurement seems to against the guideline of justice. Setting off to the following level, we should say regardless of the possibility that the Indian court effectively state jurisdiction and pass a judgment according to the above procurements of the IT Act 2000, the other question that emerges will the other nationsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ courts actualize such a judgment? In the event of the above scrape the best way to purpose such a question is by method for having a removal bargain with the host country and India, further it has been recommended by that the Indian court create legitimate ground on which the extra-territorial jurisdiction might truly practiced as completed by the American Judiciary.[13] From the above it gets important to like the complexities included and consequently it gets basic to comprehend the way of the Cyber crime, and whether the existing punitive laws are suffi cient. Concluding Remarks Change is inescapable and the issues that progression in technological stances cant be dodged, the reality of the situation is that the culprits have changed their system and have begun depending of the progressed innovation, and keeping in mind the end goal to manage them the social order the lawful and law authorization powers, the private enterprises and associations will likewise need to change. Further such experts should be proficient as well as be furnished with important specialized equipment and programming so they can effectively battle the cyber lawbreakers. In this way vital offices must be created in different parts of the nation with the goal that crime in the virtual world could be contained. An alternate angle which needs to be highlighted is that a society of consistent instruction and taking in necessities to be instilled around the legitimate and the law implementation powers in light of the fact that the Information Technology field is an extremely dynamic fi eld as the learning of today gets old in a brief time. Ultimately the prelude of the Information Technology Act 2000 gives that the demonstration was passed with the goal to give lawful distinguishment for transactions completed by method for electronic information trade and different method for e-business, further the demonstration has likewise made amendments to the Indian Penal Code 1860, Indian Evidence Act 1872, The Bankers Books of Evidence Act 1891, and the Reserve Bank of India Act 1934 for encouraging legitimate distinguishment and regulation of the business exercises. [1] S Lyng, Edgework: A Social Psychological Analysis of Voluntary Risk Taking (1990) 95 (4) American Journal of Sociology 851-86. [2] Jack Katz, Seductions of Crime 52 (New York Basic Books, 1988) [3] P Grabosky, Virtual Criminality: Old Wine in New Bottles? (2001) 10 Social and Legal Studies 243-49 [4] T Bennett and F Brookman, Violent Street Crime: Making Sense of Seemingly Senseless Acts (2008) 22(12) International Review of Law Computers Technology 171-80, 174. [5] L Cohen and M Felson, Social Change and Crime Rate Trends: A Routine Activity Approach (1979) 44 (4) American Sociological Review. [6] M Yar, The Novelty of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Cybercrimeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ : An Assessment in the Light of Routine Activities Theory (2005) 2(4) European Journal of Criminology. [7] Id. [8] Stephen Mason, Electronic Evidence: Disclosure, Discovery and Admissibility (London, Butterworths, 2007). [9] Supra note 6 [10] Samuel C. Maquade, The World of Cybercrime:Issues, Cases, and Responses 67 (Rowman Littlefield Publishers, Incorporated) [11] Samuel C. Maquade, Understanding and Managing Cyber Crime 326 (Allyn Bacon, Inc. 2005) [12] R Moore EC McMullan, Perceptions of Peer-to-Peer File Sharing Among University Students (2004) 11(1) Journal of Criminal Justice and Popular Culture 1-19. [13] Samuel C. Maquade, Cyber Stalking and Cyber Bullying (Chelsea House 2012)

Introducing Then and Now Essay Topics

Introducing Then and Now Essay Topics Bear in mind which you can make funny argumentative essays if you do a few things. Although having the ability to write persuasively can look like a challenging thing for children to learn, remind them that everyone has valid opinions. In the majority of cases, you will need to develop a topic which will allow other people to understand your perspective, and telling them to feel that what you write is true. In an issue of speaking, picking out persuasive essay topics is similar to telling yourself what you wish to convey to the rest of the planet. When it has to do with writing an argumentative essay, the most essential matter to do is to select a topic and an argument you can really get behind. You ought to make sure that you're very interested in the topic before it is possible to persuade others about it. There are lots of things to be considered prior to selecting a topic. Otherwise, you've got to consider about choosing another topic . When picking out persuasive essay topics to write about, it would be better to stick to your very own personal opinions so you are going to have a definite idea on what things to put in it. It is critical to consider various points of view and choose one which you consider correct. It's important to select debatable argumentative essay topics since you need opposing points you could counter to your own points. Then and Now Essay Topics - Dead or Alive? If you opted to compose an essay about abortion, go for an approach with a substantial body of research to strengthen your stance. At the exact same time, detecting cause and effect relationships isn't that easy in regards to the selection of a great cause and effect essay topic. For instance, you ought to keep the readers in mind as you select arguments to back up your position. Next, you should consider the method on how you need to relay it to your readers. Creative Essay writing is currently recognized among the most helpf ul activity for kids for their general personality development. Of course, it is one of the leading learning programs in any serious school institution. Every American should learn how to speak English. He should learn to speak Spanish. Even in the event the essay isn't for any specific assignment, the above mentioned criteria can be applied minus the initial one. In this kind of situation, it's more convenient to locate ready-made essays and use them as an example. Before you commence writing your essay, you should study the sources applicable to the possible subject, and make certain you have enough evidence to strengthen your thesis statement. Always remember a great persuasive essay needs to be persuasive. The True Meaning of Then and Now Essay Topics Social networking is a cheap but efficient advertizing channel. Though people believe education is a correct and will make society, generally, a better place for everybody, others feel there's no genuine means to provide a free college education as colleges would still must be funded (likely through tax dollars). Technology and the access to information are having an effect. Advertising and the media are now nearly inseparable from society for a whole. Life After Then and Now Essay Topics All you need to do is select the category or kind of essay that you're assigned to write for school. A list of words you really should know, since they are used a lot. Take your time to thoroughly examine our cause and effect topics list till you locate a prompt that you're excited to write about. You want to supply sample scenarios, along with other details to drive your point home. The Upside to Then and Now Essay Topics Especially because it is a very exciting book. There are a lot of essay topics that you may pick from. The subject can be associated with science or literature.

Dropping Out Of High School - 1696 Words

The issue of dropping out of high school were discussed as early as 1927 in literatures according to (Christle, Jolivette, and Nelson 2007). During that era, dropout was called â€Å"school- leaving† and was considered to be a psychological problem based on interest and attitudes. Young people were considered as restless and needing the freedom to explore new interests. If schools did not meet their needs, there was the likelihood that these teenagers will drop out (Christle, Jolivette, and Nelson, 2007). Today, dropping out of high school early is a major problem for both young people and the society. Recent reviews and empirical evidence have shown that there is no simple cause of early school leaving, but it seems to relate to factors such as personal factors, social factors, academic achievement, and school factors (Barton ,2006). The motive of this study is to address the key predictors that cause young people to leave high school early without completing their education in Dallas, Texas. A phenomenological approach using surveys will be conducted to determine young people’s perception and assumption of leaving high school early without completing their education. It is ultimately the goal of this research investigation to examine findings of this study to help provide intervention strategies that will keep young people in school. INTRODUCTION According to Barton (2006), over a million of youngShow MoreRelatedDropping Out Of High School3487 Words   |  14 Pages(1998), high school dropouts were discussed in literature as early as 1927. At that time dropout was called â€Å"school- leaving† and was considered to be a psychological problem based on interest and attitudes (Fuller, 1927). Beginning in the 1920s, teenagers were viewed as restless and needing the freedom to explore new interests. If schools did not meet their basic needs, there was a high likelihood that these students will drop out (Egyed, McIntosh, Bull, 1998, p. 153). Today, dropping out of highRead MoreDropping Out Of High School2003 Words   |  9 PagesDropping out of High school: A Look at Three Causes Every year, over 1.2 million students drop out of high school in the United States alone. That’s a student every 26 seconds – or 7,000 a day (Miller 1). Young people drop out of school all the time for different reasons personal to their circumstances. I experienced the feeling of wanting to drop out of school, but fortunately had a strong enough desire to obtain my diploma. There are many like me who were not so fortunate. To some studentsRead MoreDropping Out Of High School Dropouts Essay987 Words   |  4 PagesI’ve heard a lot about high school dropouts. through my years in highschool this topic had always popped up. I wonder is dropping out of high school bad as some make it seem? My opinion is that dropping out high school isn’t as bad as some people make it seem. A lot of smart people drop out of high school, people like Einstein dropped out at age 16 and still accomplished many things in life. I discovered a lot about high school dropouts and the many reasons on why students make this decision.Read MoreCauses Of Students Dropping Out Of High School Across The Country1160 Words   |  5 PagesPaper Final Copy 11/21/14 Student Drop Out There are many numerous causes of students dropping out of high school across the country. However, there are three causes that are most prevalent in students across the globe. One cause is having a lack of parental involvement and participation in a child’s life. The atmosphere in homes and neighborhood play a role in kids dropping out of school. Teacher qualification in teaching is a third reason. 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It is also when they hear how high school students who dropouts learn the incredible price to pay in the future when they give up on an education. Thinking with a teenage state of mind and trying to take the easy way out they go straight for a GED, which is told to be an equivalent earning of a diplomaRead MoreFactors Contributing to the High School Drop Out Rate Essay1569 Words   |  7 Pagesgraduating from high school that year? Obviously, people move and transfer but that wasn’t the main cause of this significant drop. The problem was the amount of students who dropped out previous years before. High school American’s are dropping ou t of school daily and this leads to many concerns. According to an online website about The dropout dilemma, â€Å"every 26 seconds a student drops out of public school† (The Dropout Delimma, 2009). The site goes on to show the main reasons why high schoolers dropRead MoreSchool Drop Outs/Labeling Theory Social Learning Theory1499 Words   |  6 PagesSchool Dropouts Florida AM University Abstract Over the years dropout rates have decreased but still target African Americans and Hispanics mostly in our society today. Nowadays they are labeled to fail based on race, background, pregnancy, and/or peers. Since the 1970s, there has been a growing effort to improve high school graduation rates. In 1983, the National Commission on Excellence in Education sounded the alarm because U.S. educational standards had fallen behind otherRead MoreHigh School Dropout Essay1354 Words   |  6 Pagesamong high school students have increased, but there is still a huge underlying problem in the U.S. with high school drop outs. There have been many half brained reasons for these students dropping out and many people believe the reason for these drop outs is the students faults themselves. But as I know as a student and as a student who has graduated, it is not only the students fault. There are many outside factors and influences that lead to the students dropping out. The term â€Å"drop out† is referringRead MoreCreating A Better Communication Within Parents, Students And Teachers1639 Words   |  7 PagesEveryone looks forward to being in high school. Fours years you can be wild, careless, and adventuring into adult hood. The years you have class with the same people, know everyones name within the school, and not sure what your future is going to hold. Over the years there have been a decreasing amount of high school students. But there has been a increase in High school dropouts. Comparing the freshman class to the senior class at any school you will notice a dramatic decrease in students. Due

Why Doesnt Glue Stick to the Inside of the Bottle

Most glue doesnt stick to the inside of the bottle because it needs air in order to set. If you leave the cap off of the bottle or as the bottle gets closer to empty so that more air is inside the bottle, the glue will get stickier. Some types of glue require a chemical other than those found in air. These types of glue wont stick to the bottle even if you leave the cap off. In some cases, there is a solvent in the glue that helps keep the molecules in the glue from cross-linking (getting sticky). The glue doesnt solidify in the bottle or stick to it because of the solvent. The solvent evaporates in a half-empty bottle of glue, but this is limited by the space in the bottle. If youve ever left the cap off of a bottle of glue, you know its capable of sticking just fine once the composition has had a chance to set up! This also occurs when a bottle of glue is close to empty. The air in the bottle thickens the glue, eventually making the product unusable.

On the other hand, Shakespeare also maintains the feminine...

On the other hand, Shakespeare also maintains the feminine ideal through the use of disguise. In Much Ado About Nothing Hero loses her feminine ideals through Claudio’s dishonour, however the use of concealment allows her to regain her ideals. Hero’s death is symbolic as it is seen as her ‘rebirth’, as it induces remorse in Claudio and cleanses her name of infamy ‘One Hero died defiled, but I do live.. and surely as I live, I am a maid’. Hero’s dishonour is paramount, as the destruction of a women was seen as their undoing in a Renaissance society. Mary Rose discusses the idea of purity â€Å"For a woman, a public reputation was dishonourable, a sure sign of immorality and scandal†. In both cases, the characters have had an impact on society†¦show more content†¦Viola breaks down the old constraints of the patriarchal society, which expresses the idea of the modern female ideal slowly coming into course. This would have b een quite a challenge to an audience during that time. Critic Laura Jastrem talks about the importance of twisting gender roles and the impact it had on a Renaissance audience. â€Å"Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night examines patterns of love and courtship through a twisting of gender roles.. the duality of word meanings in this passage (Act 3) threaten to turn the traditional patriarchal concept of courtship upside down.. Perhaps the biggest upset to the traditional structure is the possibility that Olivia may be in love with a woman†. Beatrice is a foil to her cousin Hero. She is a sharp character who is unwilling to submit to the will of a controlling husband ‘No, my lord, unless I might have another for working-days: your grace is too costly to wear’ . Like Olivia, she comes across as a forceable character, which we see when she convinces Benedict to turn on his close friend Claudio. however unlike Olivia she stresses the importance of gender equality and the fellowship of marriage. When Hero is dishonoured, Beatrice in a state of rage rebels against the unequal status of women within the Renaissance period â€Å"O that I were a man for his sake! Or that I had any friend would be a man for my sake!† sheShow MoreRelatedShakespeare s Twelfth Night ( C. 1600-01 )2907 Words   |  12 PagesSOCIETY The Renaissance society to which Shakespeare belonged viewed the role of women and men in the society as varying greatly. Men were generally seen as having the ruling voice as fathers, husbands, masters, teachers, preachers, magistrates, soldiers and lords. A public life was practically impossible for a woman and even if a woman had some public reputation she was vulnerable to fall prey to some kind of scandal or the other. The stereotypical ideal woman was one who was submissive and obedientRead MoreElizabethan Era11072 Words   |  45 Pages(1558–1603) and is often considered to be a golden age in English history. 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Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesChristian Holdener, S4Carlisle Publishing Services Composition: S4Carlisle Publishing Services Printer/Binder: Courier/Kendallville Cover Printer: Courier/Kendalville Text Font: 10.5/12 ITC New Baskerville Std Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2013, 2011, 2009, 2007, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United

The Divine Command Theory For Moral Guidance - 1957 Words

For centuries people have contemplated what makes actions morally right or wrong. They have searched for some fundamental moral principle that can be applied to every moral dilemma. From these efforts various theories of morality have been developed, all of which have their own successes and shortcomings. Many religious believers look to the Divine Command Theory for moral guidance. This theory states that if God commands you to do act A, then it is your moral obligation to do A. An issue with the divine command theory is that it suggests that God could have chosen to make killing morally right and helping other wrong which is against our deep moral convictions. Another theory is Act Consequentialism, which states that you ought to act in a way that produces the most optimific (greatest balance of benefits to drawbacks) results. By Act Consequentialism the method to making the right moral decision is to determine what is intrinsically good/bad and what the options for acting are, the n choose the act that yields the best consequences. There are several situations in which the optimific act is unjust (i.e. harvesting ones organs to save multiple people). In trying to correct this issue Rule Consequentialism was developed, which states that an action is morally right if and only if the actions accords with optimific rules. This theory often leads to favoring rules over the good or faces similar issues as Act Consequentialism. The Kantian perspective helps to deal with theShow MoreRelatedThe Divine Command Theory ( Dct )1448 Words   |  6 Pages A shift in philosophy from a relativist point of view to a moral perspective brought about several new revolutionary ideas. One particular theory that is hotly debated is the divine command theory (DCT). This controversial idea essentially says that God is the boss. It proposes that God decides what is moral and good, and therefore how we should be acting. It is a relationship between two claims, one of which God commands , and as a result the other is what is right. Many people and philosophersRead MoreThe Doctrine Of The Divine Command Theory914 Words   |  4 PagesRachels describes the Divine Command theory as weak because it makes morality mysterious. According to the Divine Command Theory, nothing is good nor bad, unless God’s thinking makes it so. For example, child abuse. Child abuse is wrong, but according to this theory, it is neither right nor wrong (because the God’s have not commanded it so). If the God’s were to command that child abuse was right, this still does not make child abuse right, so therefore this theory is untenable and makes us furtherRead MoreThe Divine Command Theory, And Natural Law Theory1369 Words   |  6 Pagesidea of objective morality on the assumption that some moral ideals are universal and should be the moral responsibility of everyone. Subjective moralists counter this argument by explaining that each moral decision is independent bec ause each moral situation is unique to its own conditions. Ultimately, these two views shape the nature of moral philosophy and theology, each describing the different natures of morality (Hammond). These two theories have a large impact on the thinking process of humansRead MoreDivine Command Theory And Natural Law Theory948 Words   |  4 Pagesundeniable, these age old systems of belief and worship of a higher being or deity were, in a sense, their own moral systems, two of which are Divine Command Theory and Natural Law Theory. These two systems, among others, once guided and advised ancient humans in moral judgements. Divine Command Theory is a proposed relationship between moral correctness and the higher deity’s commands, henceforth the deity will be called god. This situation is elaborated upon in a dialogue between Socrates andRead MoreThe Doctrine Of The Divine Command Theory1488 Words   |  6 PagesIs the churches moral teaching of value only to Catholics or to everyone, and either way, why? Christian morality is centered on assessing the ethical implications of us as people. Who we ought and be, and what actions we ought to take or avoid based on an understanding of the scripture and relevant human experiences. I do not subscribe to the divine command theory (DCT) of ethics, as I believe you can have ethics without God. The DCT proposes that what is morally right is what God has commandedRead MoreIn James Rachels’ Book, The Element Of Moral Philosophy,858 Words   |  4 PagesElement of Moral Philosophy, he made interesting point in the fourth chapter. He points out the similarities and differences between morality and religion. Mostly, when thought about morals, religion is mention. Religion is almost all about morals. Directing what is wrong and right. Divine Command Theory is morality relationship between God (gods) and the people. God (gods) orders the meaning of good and the bad. People need to follow the rules to receive blessings from their creator. The T heory of NaturalRead MoreMagistrates of Morality: How the Euthyphro Dilemma Cripples Divine Command Theory1654 Words   |  7 Pagesone is to follow in order to live as a good, moral being. When a deity (or a group of deities) commands followers to abide by specific moral standards though a vehicle such as prophets, religious texts or otherwise, this is called Divine Command Theory (DCT). Those who accept this theory believe that moral action coincides with what has been ordered by the deities, and immoral action would occur when one deviates from these orders. Despite this theory remaining relevant into the twenty-first centuryRead MoreThe Doctrine Of The Existence Of God1470 Words   |  6 PagesOne of the most prevalent arguments for the existence of God is the moral argument. It states that God alone makes sense of moral values, and since moral values exist, then God exists. A great number of people nowadays, including atheists and agnostics, trust in moral values. However, they do not agree with the Christian answer to provide a basis for those values. For many years homosexuality has been a debate over acceptance but has been for the most part considered an immoral act based on religiousRead MoreDivine Command Theory, Deontology, And Virtue Ethics1618 Words   |  7 Pagesethical questions which we encounter. That being, divine command theory, utilitarianism, deontology, and virtue ethics all provide adequate insight to everyday morality. There are flaws and strengths to each and every one of these concepts. However, divine command theory proves to provide the most requisite intellect with minute disfigurement. Divine command theory offers a chance at a purposeful reason to undertake morality with the right manor. This theory also represents a constant state of rules thatRead MoreEssay 11280 Words   |  6 Pagesa favor by lowering the margin of error, which can be actually the case here in Crito. And with Socrates having the resources to escape a nd him, also being innocent may fit the standards to which one can escape. But of course, this theory has a flaw. First, this theory would suspect that all prisoners are honest and truthful to themselves that they can only escape if they are actually innocent, even if they do have the means to escape. Another is if you value your virtue and principle as much as Socrates

Critcal Decisions free essay sample

Most parents think it’s very responsible that their teenage child have a job while attending high school right? But they don’t think about how much of a bridge burner this could be to there child’s future hopes and dreams. A students high school years consist of not only fun but these years are for learning, meeting new people, networking, creating future college plans, and focusing on and finding out there future dreams and beliefs. A job after school can not only throw a student off there thinking track but it can mislead them in a direction that may seem right at the moment but they regret in the future. I am totally against the idea of students containing a job during their high school years. Having a job during high school can and will throw you off your focus by means of your school work and school as a whole. A job will interfere with ones studies due to the hours of work after school which should be used for studying and homework. Most parents encourage students to get that after school job but also wants their child to be ready for college. What they don’t understand is the contradiction there creating by encouraging their child to spend after school hours working rather than studying. How can you push your child in two different directions with two meanings? Yes, I know of people that have had a job during high school and yet have still had a good high school experience and have gone onto college. While on the other hand, I’ve noticed a completely behavior and showmanship between a dedicated with a job and a dedicated student without a job. For example, Students without that after school job that has free time to do thing such as hang with friends and family, do homework, and have time to themselves seem to come to school each day with a better and more positive attitude than others. While students with that after school position appears to come to school the following days unprepared, restless, tired, unfocused, poorly groomed, and with a much careless attitude. As we progress in life are brains and body develop with the growth to manage and succeed in more tasks at one time. In high school (Which means between the ages of 14-18) I believe are minds and bodies aren’t developed enough to handle all the stresses of high sch ool while managing a job at the same time and still be able to succeed in both of them. Referring to the writing of â€Å"McDonald’s is bad for your kids† by Amitai Etzioni (49) he states, â€Å"But large amounts seem to flow to pay for an early introduction into the most trite aspects of American consumer: Flimsy punk cloths, trinkets, and whatever else is the last fast moving teen craze.† I can relate to that in a way seeing as all the money I’ve received over those high school years went to whatever was â€Å"Hot† at the time to teens my age. Fact is that teens are so worried about making money to buy material items that they want and certainly not need. Actually most students I’ve come across during high school years have told me there actually saving the money there making from that job funds for college but yet after pay day they come to school with the newest pair of air Jordan’s on the next day. All in all a teen will be a teen, therefore some if not all are working for money to buy things that will have no effec t on their future what so ever than focusing on school related things that can and will effect there higher learning opportunities and effect the difference from living in a lower, middle, or upper class establishment or lifestyle. Etzioni also states, â€Å"Thus, most teens work these days is not providing early lessons in work ethic; it fosters escape from school and responsibilities, quick gratification, and a short cut to the consumersistic aspects of adult life† (52) I feel teens most of time look at these jobs as an excuse to get out of a lot of things, not only in the classroom but at home as well. They constantly blame their jobs for unfinished business such as homework, chores, bad grades, School absences, ECT. As they see this problem constantly occurring, themselves nor their parents do anything about the situation which shows they believed in a lower living work experience rather than seeing their child walk down the aisle for graduation and onto a college lifestyle of higher learning. I also believe that more of the students with older parents are encouraged to get jobs and work for everything they want and need because that may be the way there parents where brought up. So not only do I see it as the students fault, but also the parents fault for the constant push they may be putting on their child in this negative way. Teens now a day’s also have a lot of trouble with a thing called â€Å"Procrastination†. This word is already a big word in society used to describe teens and young individuals of are generation. Teens already procrastinate enough in and out of school enough with or without a job. My point being, seeing how big of a problem this word is already, what do you think teens with jobs that procrastinate being employed will do? Exactly! Not only will they continue to procrastinate, they will also see this job as a reason, better yet more like a comfort in order to feel better as they know that they are indeed procrastinating. Why push a problem that we are already aware of rather than solve it? A big part of high school is sports. High school sports and activities can really excel you in life and put you on the right path of where you might want to go with your life. I have had one important and life changing decision I had to make during my senior year of high school that changed my entire life in one day. My senior year I did occupy one position as a cashier at Acme super market. I actually got the job to get some money together right before graduation to put towards college expenses. On the downside I was trying to balance the job with my high school baseball career at the same time which I actually played the biggest role of the position I was in. Until one day I had to make the biggest decision of my life at this point. The decision that could actually turn my life upside down or excel me to the place I actually dreamed of being one day. We an important rivalry game against Camden Catholic High school that would indeed make or break are season and my career as a high school baseball athlete. I’ve held the starting varsity catchers position since my sophomore year at Pennsauken technical School. On the other hand I was scheduled to work a double shift that Friday night at Acme during the same time the game was to take place. I actually was aware that I was suppose to work that day but seeing as the game before was the game that decided if we where to make the playoffs or not, we actually won the game as underdogs which pushed us to the playoffs and put me in this awkward situation. I hate to be called a quitter in anything I do so of course I was going to try and be both places I just didn’t know how I was going to make that happen. Another twist is I did very well in the game before the playoffs with 2 homeruns and the winning RBI that won us the game which put me at an upper level position on the recruiting chart by to colleges being Arizona State University and Penn State. Both recruiters where to be at the first playoff game vs. Camden Catholic. As you can see I was in the biggest predicament of my life. Yes, I know you may be thinking that a job at Acme wasn’t worth my future as a college athlete and a possible career as a baseball player for a division one college, but I didn’t see it as that. What I saw was me giving up in something which tares me apart inside no matter what that something is. I had a decision to make. I asked everyone from my coaches, my family, my teachers, my boss and they basically gave me the same advise which was follow your heart which ever direction it takes you. My boss at Acme didn’t actually see eye to eye with me on the situation. He told me he actually needed me that day that day and if I wasn’t able to make it he would have to let me go which I found very awkward cause I believe in my heart that he actually didn’t want me to succeed in life or actually succeed in something better than Acme. At that point, That reason was actually the point of my decision being that I wasn’t in no way trying to get stuck at an Acme register for the rest of my life which I was actually shocked it took me that long to realize that. I was fired from Acme, Attended my baseball game and played a good game but not as good as I wished. After losing the game and me thinking I had ruined my future, to my surprise I received a letter from the Arizona State University athletics commission congratulating me on receiving a full ride baseball scholarship! So after making the make or break decision of my life I actually made the right decision that put me exactly where I wanted to be. Talking to my coach after receiving the letter I actually was informed he was aware of my situation around the time of the game and not only did he award me the scholarship because of the way I performed threw out the season, but he awarded me the scholarship for the way I conducted and handled the situation in th e manor I went about doing it, my grades during my high school years, and also the many activities I was a part of during high school. After talking to my high school coach about the problem he contact both scouts and informed them of it. Seeing that the scout from Arizona State was making the trip all the way to NJ for me he deserved to know before wasting his time and me not playing. He actually told my coach he believed I would make the right decision and he would be more than willing to make the trip to see me play without at all knowing what my decision would be. In Conclusion, I believe having a job while in high school is a bad idea. Parents and others may think otherwise reason being it builds responsibility to young teenage minds. Responsibility is nothing if you don’t handle your school affairs first which should be your top responsibility at the time. My life was changed over one decision I made 2 years ago which I believe put me in the position I’m in at the moment even though I didn’t continue on that path. School comes first and should always be the first priority in a teenager’s life. Don’t fail the people that love you nor more importantly don’t fail yourself over something that puts your education and your future at risk. The mind is a terrible thing to waste. â€Å"The only time SUCCESS comes before WORK is in the dictionary†